More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Age, stage of plant development, and vegetative and reproductive growth stage at harvesting time are effective and important factors in determining the content of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. In the present study, the variation of essential oil in Artemisia absinthium L. was studied. Sampling of cultivated plants was carried out from the plants grown in the field of Agricultural Research and Education Center of Hamadan province at three phonological stages of five years old plants (vegetative, beginning of flowering, full flowering) and vegetative stage of one year old plants picked in the early morning. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger's apparatus and essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 40 different components were identified. The main component of essential oil in all samples was (z)-B-Ocimene oxide. The amount of (z)-B-Ocimene oxide in a one-year plants, a fiveyears plants at vegetative stage, a five-years old plant at the beginning of flowering stage and five years old at the stage of full flowering were 76. 53%, 47. 84%, 66. 59% and 52. 93%, respectively. Among the other dominant components of the plant, carvacrol and sabinene can be mentioned wich the highest level of carvacrol (7. 27%) was observed in vegetative stage and Sabinene (4. 44%) at full flowering stage of five years old plants.

Poly (amide-6-b-ethylene oxide) /zinc oxide (PEBA/ZnO) mixed matrix membranes were fabricated using ethanol/water as solvent by solvent casting method. The concentration of ZnO in membrane was set to 0.1 wt.% and the synthesized membranes were characterized by AFM and FTIR. Effects of ZnO nanoparticle on CO2, CH4 and N2 permeabilities, and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities of the membranes were investigated at the ambient temperature and pressure range of 4–12 bar. The results revealed that the CO2 permeability of the nano-composite membrane increased 158 % with pressure, from 54.08 barrer (at 4 bar) to 139.59 barrer (at 12 bar). Furthermore, CO2 permeability for the nano-composite membrane was higher than neat polymeric membrane. The PEBA/ZnO nano-composite membranes thus provide a promising potential for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation.

In this study, a nanocomposite of ZnV2O6 photo-catalyst hybridized with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared to degrade Rhodamine B. The ZnV2O6 nanostructures were successfully synthesized via co-precipitation route and the most significant process parameters were optimized during calcination. The structure and morphology were explored in detail using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Graphene oxide was synthesized from natural graphite powder using a modified Hummers method and reduced to graphene-like sheets by removing oxygen functionalities with the recovery of conjugated structure. The self-degradation of RhB is almost negligible, but when ZnV2O6 powders were inserted in the solution, the degradation of RhB increased to 44% after irradiation for 120 min. The ZnV2O6/rGO nanocomposites exhibit a much higher photocatalytic activity towards the photodegradation of dye, indicating that the presence of rGO can suppress charge recombination thanks to the fast interfacial electron transfer between ZnV2O6 particles and rGO sheets.

Increased environmental ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, disrupts cellular redox balance, and contributes to skin disorders. Antioxidants inhibit autoxidation by neutralizing or suppressing free radicals. Certain nanomaterials, like cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs), function as antioxidants under specific conditions. Through their redox and catalytic properties, CNPs scavenge ROS, mitigate oxidative damage, and may help prevent skin injuries. While most research targets ionizing radiation, studies exploring CNPs under non-ionizing UVB remain limited. To address this, the study evaluates their photochemoprotective effects in UVB-exposed L929 fibroblasts. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and annexin V/propidium iodide (annexin V/PI) assays were used to evaluate cell viability, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay at CNP concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 μM and UVB intensities of 150–900 mJ/cm², selected based on prior physiologically relevant in vitro studies. At 600 mJ/cm² UVB, cell viability decreased by 45% (MTT assay). Treatment with 50 μM CNP significantly increased total antioxidant capacity relative to untreated controls (CUPRAC assay, p = 0.0018). CNP and UVB effects on ROS production and apoptosis were evaluated separately and in combination using DCFH-DA and annexin V/PI assays. Results show that pretreatment with CNPs before UVB radiation impedes cell apoptosis and reduces ROS, suggesting that CNPs mitigate UVB-induced oxidative damage in L929 cells by restoring oxidative balance through their redox activity and ROS-scavenging properties. These findings indicate CNP-based interventions may offer therapeutic strategies against UVB-induced skin and related disorders.